Trump has touted the $125 billion in revenue his already-existent import taxes have brought in, with hundreds of billions more pledged by a handful of nations in the form of investments. Yet it’s come at the cost of slower economic growth and the prospect of already stubborn inflation reheating.

President Donald Trump on Thursday signed an executive order that set new tariffs on a wide swath of U.S. trading partners to go into effect on Aug. 7 — the next step in his trade agenda that will test the global economy and sturdiness of American alliances built up over decades.