Deep ultraviolet (DUV) lasers, known for their high photon energy and short wavelengths, are essential in various fields such as semiconductor lithography, high-resolution spectroscopy, precision ...
Magnetic vortices arise in nanoscale ferromagnetic elements when spins curl in-plane around a small, perpendicularly magnetised core. The resulting topological structure exhibits a gyrotropic mode in ...
Vortex dynamics in superconducting systems encompass the behaviour of quantised magnetic flux lines—vortices—as they nucleate, interact and move within type-II superconductors. Each vortex carries a ...
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