Immune system activation or dysregulation has a major role in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases. To highlight the importance of the innate and adaptive immune responses ...
Background: Impairment of gas exchange and blood flow through the placenta leads to hypoxia and hypercapnia, causing increased systemic vascular resistance and tachycardia, influencing the ...
With aging there are changes in the cardiovascular system, which result in alterations in cardiovascular physiology. The changes in cardiovascular physiology must be differentiated from the effects of ...
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