Gills are best known for helping most fish species breathe underwater. But less well known is the fact gills regulate the salt and pH balance of fishes' blood, a vital role played by the kidneys in ...

Engineers at Cornell University have developed perforated, flexible panels modeled on fish gills that significantly improve heat transfer and chemical mixing in fluid environments. The work, led by ...

Well before evolving to help vertebrates breathe underwater, gills played an early and equally important role regulating the salt and pH balance of blood, according to surprising new research. Gills ...