Impurities present in raw natural gas require extraction before subsequent processing. Common impurities encompass carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulfide, ethane, methane, butane, and volatile ...

Geochemical traces of past environments are preserved in the geological record. Although secondary processes often erase this information, fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals act as time ...

Table 1 Sampling sites, dates, latitude, longitude, depth, and total length of cores collected from surface sediments of submarine mud volcanoes off Tanegashima Island in this study. In general, the ...

Tight gas reservoirs are characterized by narrow pores and throats, abundant clay minerals, and developed fractures. These lead to severe formation damage during drilling, negatively affecting ...

However, gas companies were developing “hard rock” resources in the 1970s-1990s rather than tight gas resources. While they needed hydraulic fracturing, the resources’ permeabilities were higher and ...